1409
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| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
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| 1409 by topic |
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| Arts and science |
| Leaders |
| Birth and death categories |
| Births – Deaths |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Establishments – Disestablishments |
| Art and literature |
| 1409 in poetry |
| Gregorian calendar | 1409 MCDIX |
| Ab urbe condita | 2162 |
| Armenian calendar | 858 ԹՎ ՊԾԸ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6159 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1330–1331 |
| Bengali calendar | 816 |
| Berber calendar | 2359 |
| English Regnal year | 10 Hen. 4 – 11 Hen. 4 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1953 |
| Burmese calendar | 771 |
| Byzantine calendar | 6917–6918 |
| Chinese calendar | 戊子年 (Earth Rat) 4106 or 3899 — to — 己丑年 (Earth Ox) 4107 or 3900 |
| Coptic calendar | 1125–1126 |
| Discordian calendar | 2575 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1401–1402 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5169–5170 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1465–1466 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1330–1331 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4509–4510 |
| Holocene calendar | 11409 |
| Igbo calendar | 409–410 |
| Iranian calendar | 787–788 |
| Islamic calendar | 811–812 |
| Japanese calendar | Ōei 16 (応永１６年) |
| Javanese calendar | 1323–1324 |
| Julian calendar | 1409 MCDIX |
| Korean calendar | 3742 |
| Minguo calendar | 503 before ROC 民前503年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | −59 |
| Thai solar calendar | 1951–1952 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阳土鼠年 (male Earth-Rat) 1535 or 1154 or 382 — to — 阴土牛年 (female Earth-Ox) 1536 or 1155 or 383 |
Year 1409 (MCDIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
[edit]January–December
[edit]- January 1 – The Welsh surrender Harlech Castle to the English.
- January 18 – The Decree of Kutná Hora strengthens the Bohemian Nation at the cost of foreign, mostly German speaking students at the University of Prague. Over a thousand students leave Prague as a consequence, choosing instead the universities of Heidelberg and the new University of Leipzig established later in the year.
- February 15 – The Galle Trilingual Inscription, with inscriptions in three languages (Chinese, Tamil and Persian) is installed by the Chinese admiral Zheng He at Galle in Sri Lanka, where he had stopped while on his way home during the second of his treasure voyages.[1]
- February 24 – Traveling in Valencia in Aragon, Father Joan Gilabert Jofré, known as "Padre Jofré", witnesses a mentally ill man being beaten by two young attackers. After rescuing the victim, Jofré resolves to create the Hospital dels Ignoscents, the world's first psychiatric hospital.[2]
- March 25 – On the day of the Feast of the Annunciation, the Council of Pisa opens at the Cathedral of Pisa with 22 cardinals, four patriarchs and 80 bishops to seek an end to the Western Schism and resolve the conflict between Pope Gregory XII of the Rome.Mansi, p. 115 and Antipope Benedict XIII of Avignon.[3]
- April 25 – Hussite Wars: King Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia decides to stop fighting the war against the rebel Jan Žižka in Budějovice.[4].
- June 5 – The Council of Pisa concludes that both Gregory XII and Benedict XIII are responsible for the Western Schism and that both should be deposed.[5]
- June 26 – By order of the Council of Pisa, Petros Philargos is crowned as Pope Alexander V, producing the anomaly of three different popes of the Roman Catholic church.[6]
- June 27 – Bohemia's King Wenceslaus pardons rebel leader Jan Zizka, and orders the city of Budejovice to do so as well.[4]
- July 25 – Martin I, King of Aragon, becomes the King of Martin II of Sicily upon the death of his son, Martin I of Sicily.
- August 7 – The Council of Pisa closes.
- December 2 – The University of Leipzig opens.
- December 9 – Louis II of Anjou founds the University of Aix-en-Provence.
Date unknown
[edit]- Ulugh Beg becomes governor of Samarkand.
- The Republic of Venice purchases the port of Zadar from Hungary.
- Grand Master Ulrich von Jungingen of the Teutonic Knights guarantees peace with the Kalmar Union of Scandinavia, by selling the Baltic Sea island of Gotland to Queen Margaret of Denmark, Norway and Sweden.[7]
- Cheng Ho (or Zheng He), admiral of the Ming empire fleet, deposes the king of Sri Lanka.
- Mircea cel Bătrân successfully defends Silistra against the Ottomans.
Births
[edit]- January 16 – René of Anjou, king of Naples (d. 1480)[8]
- March 2 – Jean II, Duke of Alençon, son of John I of Alençon and Marie of Brittany (d. 1476)
- March 12 – Isabella of Urgell, Duchess of Coimbra, Portuguese Duchess (d. 1459)
- September 13 – Joan of Valois, Duchess of Alençon, French duchess (d. 1432)
- October 7 – Elizabeth of Luxembourg (d. 1442)
- October 21 – Alessandro Sforza, Italian condottiero (d. 1473)
- date unknown – Bernardo Rossellino, Florentine sculptor and architect
Deaths
[edit]- May 13 – Jan of Tarnów, Polish nobleman
- May 22 – Blanche of England, sister of King Henry V (b. 1392)
- July 25 – King Martin I of Sicily (b. 1374)
- September 13 – Isabella of Valois, French princess and queen of England (b. 1387)[9]
- date unknown – Thomas Merke, English bishop
- probable – Edmund Mortimer, English rebel (b. 1376)
References
[edit]- ^ Dreyer, Edward L. (2007). Zheng He: China and the Oceans in the Early Ming Dynasty, 1405–1433. New York: Pearson Longman. p. 66. ISBN 978-0321084439.
- ^ "Concluye fase diocesana del proceso de canonización del Padre Jofré" (in Spanish; "Diocesan stage of canonization of Padre Jofre Completed") publ. ACI, February 8, 2007, accessed July 11, 2011
- ^ J. D. Mansi, Tomus XXVII|Sacrorum Conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio] (Venice: Antonius Zatta 1784), p.115
- ^ a b František Šmahel, Die Hussitische Revolution I–III, MGH-Schriften. 43/I–III, Hannover (2002) pp.32-33
- ^ Lenfant, Jacques (1724). Histoire du concile de Pise (in French and Latin). Vol. Tome premier. Amsterdam: chez Pierre Humbert. pp. 80–82.
- ^ Carl Joseph Hefele, Tome VII, première partie|Histoire des Conciles] (ed. H. Leclercq). ] (Paris: Letouzey, 1916) pp. 57–58.(in French)
- ^ Martinsson, Örjan. "Gotland". www.tacitus.nu. Tacitus.nu. Retrieved June 12, 2014.
- ^ "René I | duke of Anjou". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
- ^ Panton, James (February 24, 2011). Historical Dictionary of the British Monarchy. Scarecrow Press. p. 266. ISBN 978-0-8108-7497-8.