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Demographics of South Africa

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Demographics of South Africa
South Africa population pyramid in 2020
Population63 million (2024 est.)[1]
Density48.1/km2 (125/sq mi)
Growth rate1.33%[1]: 12 
Birth rate19.6 births/1,000 population (2024 est.)[1]: 7 
Death rate8.7 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.)[1]: 7 
Life expectancy66.5 years (2024 est.)[1]: 8 
 • male63.6 years (2024 est.)[1]: 8 
 • female69.2 years (2024 est.)[1]: 8 
Fertility rate2.41 children born/woman (2024 est.)[1]: 4 
Infant mortality rate22.9 deaths/1,000 (2024 est.)[1]: 8 
Age structure
0–14 years28.8% (2019 est.)[citation needed]
15–64 years65.2% (2019 est.)[citation needed]
65 and over6% (2019 est.)[citation needed]
Sex ratio
Total0.99 male(s)/female (2010 est.)[citation needed]
At birth1.02 male(s)/female[citation needed]
Under 151 male(s)/female[citation needed]
15–64 years1.02 male(s)/female[citation needed]
65 and over0.68 male(s)/female[citation needed]
Nationality
NationalitySouth African
Major ethnic
Minor ethnic
Language
OfficialAfrikaans · English · Xhosa · Sotho, Pedi · Zulu · Tswana · Swazi · Venda · Tsonga · Southern Ndebele
SpokenLanguages of South Africa
Population density in South Africa (darker color = higher density)

According to the 2022 census, the population of South Africa is about 62 million people of diverse origins, cultures, languages, and religions. With a majority being Black Africans.[3] The South African National Census of 2022 was the most recent census held; the next will be in 2032.[4]

In 2011, Statistics South Africa counted 2.1 million foreigners in total.[5] Reports[specify] suggest that is an underestimation. The real figure may be as high as five million,[6] including some three million Zimbabweans.[7]

History

[edit]
Historical population of South Africa

The earliest creatures that can be identified as human ancestors in South Africa are australopithecines. The first evidence of this was a child's skull found in the Taung quarry site. This was in the modern day North-West province. More fossils australopithecines were found in limestone caves Sterkfontein, Swartkrans, and Kromdaai. [8]

Further information: History of South Africa

Population

[edit]

Earlier Censuses, 1904 to 2011

[edit]

1904 Census

[edit]

South African population figures for the 1904 Census.[9]

Colony
Pop.
Group
 Cape Colony Natal Transvaal Orange River
Colony 		Total Percent
Black  1,424,787 904,041 937,127 225,101 3,491,056
67.5%
White 579,741 97,109 297,277 142,690 1,116,805
21.6%
Coloured 395,034 6,686 24,226 19,282 445,228
8.6%
Indian 10,242 100,918 11,321 253 122,734
2.4%
Total 2,409,804 1,108,754 1,269,951 387,315 5,175,463
100.0%
% of S. Africa
46.6%
21.4%
24.5%
7.5%
100%

1960 Census

[edit]

Sources: Statesman's Year-Book 1967–1968;[10] Europa Year Book 1969[11]

Province
Pop. Group
 Cape of
Good Hope 		Natal Transvaal Orange
Free State 		Total Percent
Black 3,011,080 2,199,920 4,633,378 1,083,886 10,928,264
68.3%
White 1,003,207 340,235 1,468,305 276,745 3,088,492
19.3%
Coloured 1,330,089 45,253 108,007 25,909 1,509,258
9.4%
Indian 18,477 394,854 63,787 7 477,125
3.0%
Total 5,362,853 2,980,262 6,273,477 1,386,547 16,003,139
100.0%
% of S. Africa
33.5%
18.6%
39.2%
8.7%
100%

1904–85 national census numbers

[edit]

Bantustan demographics were removed from South African census data during Apartheid and for this reason official figures on the national population of the country during that period will be inaccurate.[12]

Population Size by Race, 1904–85 (1,000 people)
Year Blacks Whites Coloureds Asians Total
Popu-
lation (1,000 people) 		% Popu-
lation (1,000 people) 		% Popu-
lation (1,000 people) 		% Popu-
lation (1,000 people) 		% Popu-
lation (1,000 people) 		Area included
1904 4,019
67.3%
 1,117
21.6%
 445
8.6%
 122
2.4%
 5,174 South Africa
1911 3,490
67.5%
 1,276
21.4%
 525
8.8%
 152
2.6%
 5,972 South Africa
1921 4,697
67.8%
 1,521
22.0%
 545
7.9%
 163
2.4%
 6,926 South Africa
1936 6,596
68.8%
 2,003
20.9%
 769
8.0%
 220
2.3%
 9,588 South Africa
1946 7,830
68.6%
 2,372
20.8%
 928
8.1%
 285
2.5%
 11,415 South Africa
1951 8,560
67.6%
 2,642
20.9%
 1,103
8.7%
 367
2.9%
 12,672 South Africa
1960 10,928
68.3%
 3,088
19.3%
 1,509
9.4%
 477
3.0%
 16,002 South Africa
1970 11,891
64.9%
 3,759
20.5%
 2,039
11.1%
 630
3.4%
 18,319 South Africa - excluding Transkei, Bophuthatswana, Venda & Ciskei
1970 15,340
70.4%
 3,773
17.3%
 2,051
9.4%
 630
2.9%
 21,794 South Africa
1980 13,135
63.9%
 4,221
20.5%
 2,459
12.0%
 748
3.6%
 20,563 South Africa - excluding Transkei, Bophuthatswana & Venda
1980 16,992
68.0%
 4,512
18.1%
 2,688
10.8%
 803
3.2%
 24,995 South Africa - estimate
1985 15,163
64.8%
 4,569
19.5%
 2,833
12.1%
 821
3.51%
 23,386 South Africa - excluding Transkei, Bophuthatswana, Venda & Ciskei
1985 19,052
68.8%
 4,837
17.5%
 2,396
8.7%
 879
3.2%
 27,704 South Africa - estimate
Year Blacks Whites Coloureds Asians Total Area included

1996 Census

[edit]

Source: The People of South Africa: Population Census, 1996[13]

map
Population
Group
→
Province ↓
Black White Coloured Indian/
Asian 		Other Total % of
S.A.
1 Northern Cape 278,633 111,844 435,368 2,268 12,208 840,321
2.1%
2 Western Cape 826,691 821,551 2,146,109 40,376 122,148 3,956,875
9.7%
3 Eastern Cape 5,448,495 330,294 468,532 19,356 35,849 6,302,525
15.5%
4 KwaZulu-Natal 6,880,652 558,182 117,951 790,813 69,423 8,417,021
20.7%
5 Mpumalanga 2,497,834 253,392 20,283 13,083 16,120 2,800,711
6.9%
6 Free State 2,223,940 316,459 79,038 2,805 11,262 2,633,504
6.5%
7 Gauteng 5,147,444 1,702,343 278,692 161,289 58,654 7,348,423
18.1%
8 Northern Province
(Limpopo) 		4,765,255 117,878 7,821 5,510 32,904 4,929,368
12.1%
9 North West 3,058,686 222,755 46,652 10,097 16,635 3,354,825
8.3%
South Africa Total 31,127,631 4,434,697 3,600,446 1,045,596 375,204 40,583,573
100%
Percent
76.7%
10.9%
8.9%
2.6%
0.9%
100%
Population Group → Black White Coloured Asian Other Total % of RSA

2001 Census

[edit]

Source: Statistics South Africa: Census 2001[14]

Province
Pop. Group
 Eastern Cape Free State Gauteng KwaZulu-Natal Limpopo Mpumalanga Northern Cape North West Western Cape Total Percent
Black 5,635,079 2,381,073 6,522,792 8,002,407 5,128,616 2,886,345 293,976 3,358,450 1,207,429 35,416,166
79.0%
White 304,506 238,791 1,758,398 483,448 126,276 203,244 102,042 244,035 832,901 4,293,640
9.6%
Coloured 478,807 83,193 337,974 141,887 10,163 22,158 424,389 56,959 2,438,976 3,994,505
8.9%
Indian 18,372 3,719 218,015 798,275 8,587 11,244 2,320 9,906 45,030 1,115,467
2.5%
Total 6,436,763 2,706,775 8,837,178 9,426,017 5,273,642 3,122,990 822,727 3,669,349 4,524,335 44,819,778
100.0%
% of S.A.
14.4%
6.0%
19.7%
21.0%
11.8%
7.0%
1.8%
8.2%
10.1%
100%

2011 Census

[edit]

Source: Census 2011: Census in Brief[15]

Province
Pop. Group
 Eastern Cape Free State Gauteng KwaZulu-Natal Limpopo Mpumalanga Northern Cape North West Western Cape Total Percent
Black 5,660,230 2,405,533 9,493,684 8,912,921 5,224,754 3,662,219 576,986 3,152,063 1,912,547 41,000,938
79.2%
Coloured 541,850 83,844 423,594 141,376 14,415 36,611 461,899 71,409 2,840,404 4,615,401
8.9%
White 310,450 239,026 1,913,884 428,842 139,359 303,595 81,246 255,385 915,053 4,586,838
8.9%
Indian/Asian 27,929 10,398 356,574 756,991 17,881 27,917 7,827 20,652 60,761 1,286,930
2.5%
Other 21,595 6,790 84,527 27,170 8,459 9,597 17,903 10,444 93,969 280,454
0.5%
Total 6,562,053 2,745,590 12,272,263 10,267,300 5,404,868 4,039,939 1,145,861 3,669,349 5,822,734 51,770,560
100.0%
% of S.A.
12.7%
5.3%
23.7%
19.8%
10.4%
7.8%
2.2%
7.1%
11.2%
100%

2022 Census

[edit]

Source: Census 2022 Statistical Release[16]

Province
Pop. Group
 Eastern Cape Free State Gauteng KwaZulu-Natal Limpopo Mpumalanga Northern Cape North West Western Cape Total Percent
Black 6,189,075 2,630,556 12,763,312 10,535,830 6,341,601 4,898,063 679,383 3,562,524 2,884,511 50,486,856
81.4%
Coloured 547,741 78,141 443,857 183,019 18,409 32,100 563,605 60,720 3,124,757 5,052,349
8.2%
White 403,061 235,915 1,509,800 513,377 167,524 185,731 99,150 171,887 1,217,807 4,504,252
7.3%
Indian 37,568 12,978 329,736 1,157,542 35,958 25,882 10,824 2,654 84,363 1,697,506
2.7%
Other 48,339 4,274 35,890 27,442 7,172 440 2,667 5,894 115,235 247,353
0.4%
Total 7,225,784 2,961,864 15,084,595 12,417,210 6,570,664 5,142,216 1,355,629 3,803,679 7,426,673 61,988,314
100.0%
% of S.A.
11.7%
4.8%
24.3%
20.0%
10.6%
8.3%
2.2%
6.1%
12.0%
100%
Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1100,000—    
1000300,000+0.11%
1500600,000+0.14%
1600700,000+0.15%
17001,000,000+0.36%
18201,550,000+0.37%
18702,547,000+1.00%
19045,175,463+2.11%
19115,972,757+2.07%
19136,153,000+1.50%
19216,927,403+1.49%
19369,587,863+2.19%
194611,415,925+1.76%
195013,683,162+4.63%
195515,384,557+2.37%
196017,396,367+2.49%
197022,502,502+2.61%
198029,077,143+2.60%
199036,793,490+2.38%
199541,426,810+2.40%
200144,819,777+1.32%
200748,502,063+1.32%
201151,770,560+1.64%
201655,653,654+1.46%
202262,027,503+1.82%
Note: Population estimates (1 AD - 1870 AD) are deduced from quantitative macroeconomic historical calculations. 1 (est.), 1000 (est.), 1500 (est.), 1600 (est.), 1700 (est.), 1820 (est.), 1870 (est.), 1913,[17] 1904[9] 1904-1946,[18][19][20] 1950-2010,[21] 2001, 2011, 2015[22]

Historical and projected population for the years 1 to 2022

[edit]

UN Age and population estimates: 1950 to 2030

[edit]

According to the 2019 revision of the United Nations Secretariat's World Population Prospects, South Africa's total population was 55,386,000 in 2015, compared to only 13,628,000 in 1950. In 2015, 29.3% of the people were children under the age of 15, 65.7% were between 15 and 64 years of age, and 5.0% were 65 or older.[23] All population estimates are rounded to the nearest thousand.

Year Total population Percentage in age bracket
under 15 years old 15 to 64 years old at least 65 years old
1950 13,628,000
38.2%
57.7%
4.1%
1955 15,207,000
39.5%
56.5%
3.9%
1960 17,100,000
40.8%
55.4%
3.9%
1965 19,385,000
41.9%
54.3%
3.8%
1970 22,070,000
41.6%
54.7%
3.8%
1975 25,195,000
41.2%
55.0%
3.8%
1980 28,557,000
40.9%
55.3%
3.9%
1985 32,679,000
40.8%
55.4%
3.9%
1990 36,801,000
40.1%
55.9%
4.0%
1995 41,436,000
37.3%
58.4%
4.3%
2000 44,968,000
33.9%
61.6%
4.5%
2005 47,881,000
30.9%
64.5%
4.6%
2010 51,217,000
29.7%
65.6%
4.8%
2015 55,386,000
29.3%
65.7%
5.0%
2020 59,309,000
28.8%
65.7%
5.5%
2025 62,803,000
27.4%
66.5%
6.1%
2030 65,956,000
25.8%
67.6%
6.7%

UN population projections: 2019 to 2100

[edit]
U.N. Population projections
YearPop.±% p.a.
201958,558,000—    
203065,956,000+1.09%
205075,518,000+0.68%
210079,191,000+0.10%
Note that the average percentage changes are per year (per annum), and not the total change over the period between estimates
Source: United Nations Secretariat[24]

[25][failed verification]

Vital statistics

[edit]

Vital statistics from 2002

[edit]

The following statistics are obtained from the mid-year population estimates published by Statistics South Africa:[1]

  Population estimates for South Africa 2002-2020
Average population Live births Deaths Natural change Crude birth rate (per 1,000) Crude death rate (per 1,000) Natural change (per 1,000) Total fertility rates
2002 46,572,861 987,121 621,727 365,394 21.2 13.3 7.8 2.55
2003 47,005,180 975,304 639,556 335,748 20.7 13.6 7.1 2.48
2004 47,504,691 1,049,185 660,576 388,609 22.1 13.9 8.2 2.62
2005 48,060,577 1,113,332 683,422 429,910 23.2 14.2 8.9 2.74
2006 48,642,306 1,146,355 698,831 447,524 23.6 14.4 9.2 2.77
2007 49,264,665 1,170,206 690,859 479,347 23.8 14.0 9.7 2.77
2008 49,935,872 1,196,308 676,658 519,650 24.0 13.6 10.4 2.78
2009 50,653,813 1,197,835 644,046 553,789 23.6 12.7 10.9 2.74
2010 51,405,009 1,182,577 608,869 573,708 23.0 11.8 11.2 2.65
2011 52,217,038 1,194,399 572,658 621,741 22.9 11.0 11.9 2.64
2012 53,068,330 1,199,305 547,027 652,278 22.6 10.3 12.3 2.61
2013 53,940,104 1,195,484 529,404 666,080 22.2 9.8 12.3 2.56
2014 54,829,783 1,192,619 515,742 676,877 21.8 9.4 12.3 2.52
2015 55,710,675 1,177,128 513,781 663,347 21.1 9.2 11.9 2.45
2016 56,543,365 1,129,875 519,496 610,379 20.0 9.2 10.8 2.33
2017 57,366,323 1,119,165 523,259 595,906 19.5 9.1 10.4 2.28
2018 58,233,213 1,155,430 520,337 635,093 19.8 8.9 10.9 2.34
2019 59,131,136 1,184,110 522,734 661,376 20.0 8.8 11.2 2.38
2020 60,002,639 1,215,381 528,117 687,264 20.3 8.8 11.5 2.42
2021 60,641,542 1,223,452 675,121 548,331 20.2 11.1 9.0 2.42
2022 61,356,168 1,223,535 631,623 591,912 19.9 10.3 9.6 2.42
2023 62,180,391 1,222,387 540,620 681,767 19.7 8.7 11.0 2.42
2024 63,015,904 1,224,801 547,360 677,441 19.4 8.7 10.8 2.41

Total fertility rates by province

[edit]
See also: List of South African provinces by fertility rate
Provinces by average fertility rate, 2001–2026
Province 2021–2026

(est.)

 Limpopo 3.03
 Eastern Cape 2.87
 Northern Cape 2.63
 KwaZulu-Natal 2.53
 North West (South African province) 2.52
 Mpumalanga 2.27
Free State 2.27
 Western Cape 2.01
 Gauteng 1.82
  Mid-year population estimates for South Africa by province, 2020

United Nations estimates, 2019

[edit]

The Population Department of the United Nations prepared the following estimates.[23] (Natural increase or decrease over a time period is the difference between that period's live births and deaths, before accounting for inward or outward migration.)

Period Live births per year Deaths per year Natural Increase per year Crude Birth Rate
(per 1,000 per year) 		Crude Death Rate
(per 1,000 per year) 		Natural Increase
(per 1,000 per year) 		Total Fertility Rate (over av'ge woman's life) Infant Mortality Rate (per 100,000 live births)
1950–1955 606,600 292,400 + 314,200 42.1 20.7 + 21.8 6.05 134
1955–1960 669,400 293,800 + 375,600 41.4 18.2 + 23.3 6.05 121
1960–1965 740,200 304,600 + 435,600 40.6 16.7 + 23.9 6.00 112
1965–1970 810,600 313,600 + 497,000 39.1 15.2 + 24.0 5.80 103
1970–1975 896,000 315,400 + 580,600 37.9 13.3 + 24.6 5.50 89
1975–1980 967,400 309,800 + 657,600 36.0 11.5 + 24.5 5.05 71
1980–1985 1,099,200 311,000 + 788,200 35.9 10.2 + 25.7 4.90 56
1985–1990 1,147,400 299,400 + 848,000 33.0 8.6 + 24.4 4.40 46
1990–1995 1,074,600 318,000 + 756,600 27.5 8.1 + 19.3 3.51 41
1995–2000 1,026,600 448,000 + 578,600 23.8 10.4 + 13.4 2.88 47
2000–2005 1,051,600 626,800 + 424,800 22.7 13.5 +  9.2 2.61 54
2005–2010 1,166,200 671,400 + 494,800 23.5 13.6 + 10.0 2.62 48
2010–2015 1,207,200 557,200 + 650,000 22.6 10.5 + 12.2 2.55 33
2015–2020 1,185,000 546,000 + 639,000 20.7 9.5 + 11.1 2.41 27
2020–2025 1,159,600 573,200 + 586,400 19.0 9.4 +  9.6 2.31 24
2025–2030 1,143,400 604,400 + 539,000 17.8 9.4 +  8.4 2.22 21
Total Fertility Rate = average number of children over a woman's lifetime; Infant Mortality Rate per 100,000 live births

Age and sex distribution

[edit]
See also: South African National Census of 2011
Population pyramid, 2011
Age group Male Female percent Female Total Percent of RSA
0–14 7,969,880 49.6% 7,842,388 15,812,268 31.3%
15–64 15,538,934 51.8% 16,696,600 32,235,534 63.7%
65+ 1,006,222 51.8% 1,532,733 2,538,955 5.0%
All ages 24,515,036 51.5% 26,071,721 50,586,757 100%
Age group Male Female percent Female Total Percent of RSA
under 5 2,867,585 49.6% 2,817,867 5,685,452 11.0%
5–9 2,425,181 49.7% 2,394,570 4,819,751 9.3%
10–14 2,344,275 49.0% 2,250,611 4,594,886 8.9%
15–19 2,498,572 50.1% 2,504,905 5,003,477 9.7%
20–24 2,694,646 49.9% 2,679,896 5,374,542 10.4%
25–29 2,542,682 49.7% 2,516,635 5,059,317 9.8%
30–34 2,036,206 49.5% 1,992,804 4,029,010 7.8%
35–39 1,709,347 50.7% 1,758,420 3,467,767 6.7%
40–44 1,402,328 52.4% 1,546,291 2,948,619 5.7%
45–49 1,195,740 54.4% 1,424,543 2,620,283 5.1%
50–54 1,011,349 54.4% 1,206,940 2,218,289 4.3%
55–59 811,950 54.8% 985,458 1,797,408 3.5%
60–64 612,364 55.8% 773,404 1,385,768 2.7%
65–69 401,548 58.1% 556,256 957,804 1.9%
70–74 293,498 60.8% 454,832 748,330 1.4%
75–79 165,283 65.7% 315,984 481,267 0.9%
80–84 100,694 68.8% 222,222 322,916 0.6%
85-plus 75,543 70.5% 180,130 255,673 0.5%
TOTAL 25,188,791 51.3% 26,581,769 51,770,560 100%
Number of children 0–14 Number of women 15–49 Proportion Fertility Rate
15,812,264 13,866,489 1.14 2.35

Age and race distribution

[edit]
Mid-year population estimates for South Africa by population group and sex, 2020
Population Group Male Female Total
Number % Distribution of Males Number % Distribution of Females Number % Distribution of Total
Black African 23,519,474 80.7 24,634,253 80.8 48,153,727 80.8
Coloured 2,555,204 8.8 2,692,536 8.8 5,247,740 8.8
Indian/Asian 787,662 2.7 753,451 2.5 1,541,113 2.6
White 2,266,535 7.8 2,413,235 7.9 4,679,770 7.8
Total 29,128,875 100.0 30,493,475 100.0 59,622,350 100.0
See also: South African National Census of 2011

Age distribution within each racial group

[edit]
By generation
[edit]
Age group All races Black African Coloured White Indian or other Asian Others
# % # % # % # % # % # %
0–14 15,100,089
29.2%
 12,702,324
31.0%
 1,311,811
28.4%
 771,187
16.8%
 258,602
20.1%
 56,164
20.0%
15–64 33,904,479
65.5%
 26,502,329
64.6%
 3,085,684
66.9%
 3,165,965
68.9%
 939,379
73.0%
 211,126
75.3%
65-plus 2,765,992
5.3%
 1,796,285
4.4%
 217,906
4.7%
 649,686
14.2%
 88,949
6.9%
 13,164
4.7%
All ages 51,770,560
100%
 41,000,938
100%
 4,615,401
100%
 4,586,838
100%
 1,286,930
100%
 280,454
100%
% of SA
100%
79.20%
8.92%
8.86%
2.49%
0.54%


Racial composition of each age group in 2015 (estimates)

Age group All races Black African Coloured White Indian or other Asian
# % # % # % # % # %
0–14 16,612,043
30.23%
 14,244,663
32.21%
 1,288,601
26.66%
 789,492
17.41%
 289,285
21.24%
15–64 35,465,499
64.53%
 28,170,797
63.69%
 3,299,771
68.28%
 3,026,475
66.75%
 968,649
71.12%
65-plus 2,879,378
5.24%
 1,812,535
4.10%
 244,544
5.06%
 718,041
15.84%
 104.068
7.64%
All ages 54,956,920 100% 44,227,995
100%
 4,832,916
100%
 4,534,008
100%
 1,362,002
100%
% of SA
100%
80.48%
8.79%
8.25%
2.48%
By five-year cohorts
[edit]
Age group All races Black African Coloured White Indian or other Asian
# % # % # % # % # %
under 5 5,936,350 10.80% 5,156,508 11.66% 426,156 8.82% 254,978 5.62% 98,708 7.25%
5 to 9 5,537,225 10.08% 4,746,115 10.73% 430,666 8.91% 263,378 5.81% 97,065 7.13%
10 to 14 5,138,468 9.35% 4,342,040 9.82% 431,779 8.93% 271,136 5.98% 93,512 6.87%
15 to 19 5,124,373 9.32% 4,292,220 9.70% 437,412 9.05% 295,733 6.52% 99,007 7.27%
20 to 24 5,302,246 9.65% 4,461,515 10.09% 426,013 8.81% 306,415 6.76% 108,304 7.95%
25 to 29 5,232,254 9.52% 4,437,570 10.03% 389,429 8.06% 287,485 6.34% 117,771 8.65%
30 to 34 4,307,693 7.84% 3,535,173 7.99% 366,955 7.59% 281,358 6.21% 124,206 9.12%
35 to 39 3,774,921 6.87% 3,001,989 6.79% 376,488 7.79% 279,439 6.16% 117,005 8.59%
40 to 44 3,204,952 5.83% 2,444,972 5.53% 368,886 7.63% 288,370 6.36% 102,725 7.54%
45 to 49 2,738,580 4.98% 2,004,009 4.53% 307,363 6.36% 335,434 7.40% 91,774 6.74%
50 to 54 2,297,586 4.18% 1,619,249 3.66% 264,593 5.47% 332,977 7.34% 80,767 5.93%
55 to 59 1,942,942 3.54% 1,334,800 3.02% 209,933 4.34% 328,999 7.26% 69,210 5.08%
60 to 64 1,539,953 2.80% 1,039,301 2.35% 152,698 3.16% 290,075 6.40% 57,879 4.25%
65 to 69 1,153,159 2.10% 737,581 1.67% 105,403 2.18% 265,818 5.86% 44,357 3.26%
70 to 74 805,114 1.46% 511,723 1.16% 65,465 1.35% 198,876 4.39% 28,949 2.13%
75 to 79 502,005 0.91% 313,800 0.71% 41,978 0.87% 128,675 2.84% 17,552 1.29%
80-plus 419,100 0.76% 249,431 0.56% 31,698 0.66% 124,672 2.75% 13,210 0.97%
All ages 54,956,920 100% 44,227,995 (100%) 4,832,916 (100%) 4,534,008 (100%) 1,362,002 (100%)
% of SA 100% 80.48% 8.79% 8.25% 2.48%
Age group All races Black African Coloured White Indian or other Asian
# % # % # % # %
under 5 5,936,350 5,156,508 86.86% 426,156 7.18% 254,978 4.30% 98,708 1.66%
5 to 9 5,537,225 4,746,115 85.71% 430,666 7.78% 263,378 4.76% 97,065 1.75%
10 to 14 5,138,468 4,342,040 84.50% 431,779 8.40% 271,136 5.28% 93,512 1.82%
15 to 19 5,124,373 4,292,220 83.76% 437,412 8.54% 295,733 5.77% 99,007 1.93%
20 to 24 5,302,246 4,461,515 84.14% 426,013 8.03% 306,415 5.78% 108,304 2.04%
25 to 29 5,232,254 4,437,570 84.81% 389,429 7.44% 287,485 5.49% 117,771 2.25%
30 to 34 4,307,693 3,535,173 82.07% 366,955 8.52% 281,358 6.53% 124,206 2.88%
35 to 39 3,774,921 3,001,989 79.52% 376,488 9.97% 279,439 7.40% 117,005 3.10%
40 to 44 3,204,952 2,444,972 76.29% 368,886 11.51% 288,370 9.00% 102,725 3.21%
45 to 49 2,738,580 2,004,009 73.18% 307,363 11.22% 335,434 12.25% 91,774 3.35%
50 to 54 2,297,586 1,619,249 70.48% 264,593 11.52% 332,977 14.49% 80,767 3.52%
55 to 59 1,942,942 1,334,800 68.70% 209,933 10.80% 328,999 16.93% 69,210 3.56%
60 to 64 1,539,953 1,039,301 67.49% 152,698 9.92% 290,075 18.84% 57,879 3.76%
65 to 69 1,153,159 737,581 63.96% 105,403 9.14% 265,818 23.05% 44,357 3.85%
70 to 74 805,114 511,723 63.56% 65,465 8.13% 198,876 24.70% 28,949 3.60%
75 to 79 502,005 313,800 62.51% 41,978 8.36% 128,675 25.63% 17,552 3.50%
80-plus 419,100 249,431 59.52% 31,698 7.56% 124,672 29.75% 13,210 3.15%
All ages 54,956,920 44,227,995 4,832,916 4,534,008 1,362,002
% of SA 80.48% 8.79% 8.25% 2.48%

Racial composition of each age group in 2020 (estimates)

[edit]

Source:[26]

Age group All races Black African Coloured White Indian or other Asian
# % # % # % # % # %
0–14 17,050,955 28.60% 14,605,416 30.33% 1,408,553 26.84% 742,913 15.87% 294,073 19.08%
15–64 38,941,221 65.31% 31,368,174 65.14% 3,487,284 66.45% 2,988,634 63.86% 1,097,129 71.19%
65-plus 3,630,174 6.09% 2,180,137 4.53% 351,903 6.71% 948,223 20.26% 149,911 9.73%
All ages 59,622,350 100% 48,153,727 (100%) 5,247,740 (100%) 4,679,770 (100%) 1,541,113 (100%)
% of SA 100% 80.76% 8.80% 7.85% 2.58%
Age group All races Black African Coloured White Indian or other Asian
# % # % # % # % # %
under 5 5,743,450 9.63% 4,940,751 10.26% 476,322 9.08% 226,715 4.84% 99,662 6.47%
5 to 9 5,715,952 9.59% 4,890,895 10.16% 475,518 9.06% 249,991 5.34% 99,548 6.46%
10 to 14 5,591,553 9.38% 4,773,770 9.91% 456,713 8.70% 266,207 5.69% 94,863 6.16%
15 to 19 4,774,579 8.01% 4,031,704 8.37% 411,056 7.83% 243,267 5.20% 88,552 5.75%
20 to 24 4,823,367 8.09% 4,043,432 8.40% 423,180 8.06% 254,465 5.44% 102,290 6.64%
25 to 29 5,420,754 9.09% 4,586,780 9.53% 435,746 8.30% 267,654 5.72% 130,574 8.47%
30 to 34 5,641,750 9.46% 4,769,499 9.90% 431,274 8.22% 296,160 6.33% 144,817 9.40%
35 to 39 4,798,293 8.05% 3,962,780 8.23% 381,858 7.28% 308,959 6.60% 144,696 9.39%
40 to 44 3,733,942 6.26% 2,988,999 6.21% 316,611 6.03% 306,414 6.55% 121,918 7.91%
45 to 49 3,169,648 5.32% 2,393,317 4.97% 312,665 5.96% 352,648 7.54% 111,018 7.20%
50 to 54 2,571,263 4.31% 1,834,191 3.81% 302,224 5.76% 337,839 7.22% 97,009 6.29%
55 to 59 2,211,309 3.71% 1,546,674 3.21% 264,967 5.05% 314,423 6.72% 85,245 5.53%
60 to 64 1,796,316 3.01% 1,210,798 2.51% 207,703 3.96% 306,805 6.56% 71,010 4.61%
65 to 69 1,408,665 2.36% 918,604 1.91% 150,941 2.88% 281,318 6.01% 57,802 3.75%
70 to 74 1,007,174 1.69% 619,106 1.29% 97,127 1.85% 248,673 5.31% 42,268 2.74%
75 to 79 637,062 1.07% 365,409 0.76% 56,822 1.08% 188,123 4.02% 26,708 1.73%
80-plus 577,273 0.97% 277,018 0.58% 47,013 0.90% 230,109 4.92% 23,133 1.50%
All ages 59,622,350 100% 48,153,727 (100%) 5,247,740 (100%) 4,679,770 (100%) 1,541,113 (100%)
% of SA 100% 80.76% 8.80% 7.85% 2.58%
Age group All races Black African Coloured White Indian or other Asian
# % # % # % # %
under 5 5,743,450 4,940,751 86.02% 476,322 8.29% 226,715 3.95% 99,662 1.74%
5 to 9 5,715,952 4,890,895 85.57% 475,518 8.32% 249,991 4.37% 99,548 1.74%
10 to 14 5,591,553 4,773,770 85.37% 456,713 8.17% 266,207 4.76% 94,863 1.70%
15 to 19 4,774,579 4,031,704 84.44% 411,056 8.61% 243,267 5.10% 88,552 1.85%
20 to 24 4,823,367 4,043,432 83.83% 423,180 8.77% 254,465 5.28% 102,290 2.12%
25 to 29 5,420,754 4,586,780 84.62% 435,746 8.04% 267,654 4.94% 130,574 2.41%
30 to 34 5,641,750 4,769,499 84.54% 431,274 7.64% 296,160 5.25% 144,817 2.57%
35 to 39 4,798,293 3,962,780 82.59% 381,858 7.96% 308,959 6.44% 144,696 3.02%
40 to 44 3,733,942 2,988,999 80.05% 316,611 8.48% 306,414 8.21% 121,918 3.27%
45 to 49 3,169,648 2,393,317 75.51% 312,665 9.86% 352,648 11.13% 111,018 3.50%
50 to 54 2,571,263 1,834,191 71.33% 302,224 11.75% 337,839 13.14% 97,009 3.77%
55 to 59 2,211,309 1,546,674 69.94% 264,967 11.98% 314,423 14.22% 85,245 3.85%
60 to 64 1,796,316 1,210,798 67.40% 207,703 11.56% 306,805 17.08% 71,010 3.95%
65 to 69 1,408,665 918,604 65.21% 150,941 10.72% 281,318 19.97% 57,802 4.10%
70 to 74 1,007,174 619,106 61.47% 97,127 9.64% 248,673 24.69% 42,268 4.20%
75 to 79 637,062 365,409 57.36% 56,822 8.92% 188,123 29.53% 26,708 4.19%
80-plus 577,273 277,018 47.99% 47,013 8.14% 230,109 39.86% 23,133 4.01%
All ages 59,622,350 48,153,727 5,247,740 4,679,770 1,541,113
% of SA 80.76% 8.80% 7.85% 2.58%

Fertility rate (The Demographic Health Survey)

[edit]

Fertility rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and CBR (Crude Birth Rate):[27]

Year Total Urban Rural
CBR TFR CBR TFR CBR TFR
1998 21.90 2.90 (2.3) 19.2 2.25 (1.8) 25.4 3.92 (2.9)
2016 22.3 2.6 (2.0) 21.9 2.4 (1.9) 23.1 3.1 (2.4)

Fertility rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) by ethnic group.

Year Total Black African White Coloured Indian/Asian
1998 2.9 (2.3) 3.1 (2.4) 1.9 (1.5) 2.5 (2.1)
2016 2.6 (2.0) 2.7 (2.1) 1.5 (1.2) 2.5 (1.9) 1.7 (1.6)

Life expectancy

[edit]

Life expectancy at birth from 1950 to 2020 (UN World Population Prospects):[28]

Life expectancy in South Africa
  Life expectancy in South Africa 1950–2020 (per 5 yr clusters)
Period Life expectancy
(years)
1950–1955 48.5
1955–1960 Increase 51.3
1960–1965 Increase 53.0
1965–1970 Increase 54.8
1970–1975 Increase 56.7
1975–1980 Increase 57.3
1980–1985 Increase 58.4
1985–1990 Increase 61.0
1990–1995 Increase 62.3
1995–2000 Decrease 59.2
2000–2005 Decrease 53.8
2005–2010 Decrease 53.1
2010–2015 Increase 59.5
2015–2020 Increase 63.7
  Life expectancy in South Africa 1950–2021 (per 5 yr clusters)
[29]

Ethnic groups

[edit]
Main article: Ethnic groups in South Africa
Dominant population groups in South Africa.
  African
  Coloured
  Indian or other Asian
  White
  None dominant
  Little or no population

Ethnic groups South Africa (1911)

  Black African (67%)
  White (21%)
  Coloured (9%)
  Indian (3%)

Racial groups South Africa (2022)

  Black African (81.4%)
  White (7.3%)
  Coloured (8.2%)
  Indian (2.7%)
  Other (0.4%)

Statistics South Africa asks people to describe themselves in the census in terms of five racial population groups.[30] The 2011 census figures for these groups were African at 80.2%, White at 8.4%, Coloured at 8.8%, Indian/Asian at 2.5%, and Other/Unspecified at 0.5%.[31]

The white percentage of the population has sharply declined. The first census in South Africa in 1911 showed that whites made up 22% of the population. This declined to 16% in 1980,[32] 8.9% in 2011 and 7.65% in 2022.[33]: 21  Coloured South Africans replaced Whites as the largest minority group around 2010.

  • Maps of ethnoracial groups of South Africa
  • Blacks: 50,486,856 (81.45%)
  • Coloureds: 5,052,349 (8.15%)
  • Whites: 4,504,252 (7.27%)
  • Indians: 1,697,506 (2.74%)

Languages

[edit]
Main article: Languages of South Africa

South Africa has twelve official languages:[34] isiZulu[31] 24.4%, isiXhosa[31] 16.3%, Afrikaans[31] 10.6%, English[31] 8.7%, Sepedi[31] 10.0%, Setswana[31] 8.3%, Sesotho[31] 7.8%, Xitsonga[31] 4.7%, siSwati[31] 2.8%, Tshivenda[31] 2.5%, isiNdebele[31] 1.7% and South African Sign Language.[35]

In this regard, it is third only to Bolivia and India in number. While all the languages are formally equal, some languages are spoken more than others. According to the 2022 census, the three most spoken languages in the household are Zulu (24.4%), Xhosa (16.3%), and Afrikaans (10.6%).[3]

Between 1996 and 2022, the proportion of Afrikaans speakers declined from 14.5% to 10.6% and English held steady at 8.7%, whle isiZulu grew from 22.8% to 24.4%, and Xhosa declined from 17.9% to 16.3%[36]

The country also recognises several unofficial languages, including Sekholokoe, Fanagalo, Khwe, Lobedu, Nama, Northern Ndebele, Phuthi and San.[37] These unofficial languages may be used in certain official uses in limited areas where it has been determined that these languages are prevalent. Nevertheless, their populations are not such that they require nationwide recognition.

Many of the "unofficial languages" of the San and Khoikhoi people contain regional dialects stretching northwards into Namibia and Botswana, and elsewhere. These people, who are a physically distinct population from other Africans, have their own cultural identity based on their hunter-gatherer societies. They have been marginalised to a great extent, and many of their languages are in danger of becoming extinct.

Many white South Africans also speak other European languages, such as Portuguese (also spoken by black Angolans and Mozambicans), German, Serbian and Greek, while some Indians and other Asians in South Africa speak South Asian languages, such as Bhojpuri, Tamil, Hindi, Gujarati, Urdu and Telugu. Although many South Africans are of Huguenot (French) origin, South African French is spoken by fewer than 10,000 individuals country-wide. Congolese French is also spoken in South Africa by migrants.

The primary sign language of deaf South Africans is South African Sign Language. Other sign languages among indigenous peoples are also used.

By ethnicity

[edit]

In 2011, the first language was Zulu for 28.1% of Black South African residents, Xhosa for 19.8%, Sepedi for 11.2%, Tswana for 9.7%, Sesotho for 9.3%, Tsonga for 5.5%, siSwati for 3.1%, Venda for 2.9%, English for 2.8%, Southern Ndebele for 2.6%, Afrikaans for 1.5%, while 3.4% had another first language.[38]

Among whites, Afrikaans was the first language for 59.1% of the population, compared to 35.0% for English. Other languages accounted for the remaining 5.9%.[38]

Religion

[edit]

Religion in South Africa (2022 census)[39]

  Christianity (85.3%)
  Traditional African religions (7.8%)
  Islam (1.6%)
  Hinduism (1.1%)
  Judaism (0.1%)
  Atheism (0.1%)
  Agnosticism (0.1%)
  Other (1%)
  No religious affiliation (2.9%)

According to the 2022 national census, Christians accounted for 85.3% of the population.[3] This includes[when?] Protestant (36.6%), Zionist Christian (11.1%), Pentecostal/Charismatic (8.2%), Roman Catholic (7.1%), Methodist (6.8%), Dutch Reformed (6.7%), Anglican (3.8%); members of other Christian churches accounted for another 36% of the population. Muslims accounted for 1.5% of the population, Other 2.3%, and 1.4% were Unspecified and None 15.1%.[citation needed]

Muslims are largely found among the Coloured and Indian ethnic groups. They have been joined by black or white South African converts as well as immigrants from other parts of Africa.[40] South African Muslims claim that their faith is the fastest-growing religion of conversion in the country, with the number of black Muslims growing sixfold, from 12,000 in 1991 to 74,700 in 2004.[40][41]

The Hindu population has its roots in the British colonial period, but later waves of immigration from India have also contributed to it. Most Hindus are of South Asian origin, but there are many who come from mixed racial stock. Some are converts due to the efforts of ISKCON.

Other minority religions in South Africa are Sikhism, Jainism, Baháʼí Faith and Judaism.[42]

By ethnicity

[edit]

86.0% of black residents are Christian, 3.0% have no religion, 0.3% are Muslim, 0.0% are Jewish, 0.0% are Hindu, 9.5% Traditional African and 1.2% have other or undetermined beliefs (2022 Census).

90.1% of white residents are Christian, 4.9% have no religion, 0.3% are Muslim, 0.7% are Jewish, and 0.1% are Hindu. 3.9% have other or undetermined beliefs (2022 Census).

Other demographic statistics

[edit]
Demographics development according to the United Nations

Demographic statistics according to the World Population Review in 2022.[43]

  • One birth every 27 seconds
  • One death every 56 seconds
  • One net migrant every 4 minutes
  • Net gain of one person every 44 seconds

The following demographics are from the CIA World Factbook[44] unless otherwise indicated.

Population

[edit]
57,516,665 (2022 est.)
55,380,210 (July 2018 est.)

Age structure

[edit]
Population pyramid of South Africa in 2020
0-14 years: 27.94% (male 7,894,742/female 7,883,266)
15-24 years: 16.8% (male 4,680,587/female 4,804,337)
25-54 years: 42.37% (male 12,099,441/female 11,825,193)
55-64 years: 6.8% (male 1,782,902/female 2,056,988)
65 years and over: 6.09% (2020 est.) (male 1,443,956/female 1,992,205)
0-14 years: 28.18% (male 7,815,651 /female 7,793,261)
15-24 years: 17.24% (male 4,711,480 /female 4,837,897)
25-54 years: 42.05% (male 11,782,848 /female 11,503,831)
55-64 years: 6.71% (male 1,725,034 /female 1,992,035)
65 years and over: 5.81% (male 1,351,991 /female 1,866,182) (2018 est.)

Birth rate

[edit]
18.56 births/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 77th
19.9 births/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 78th

Death rate

[edit]
9.26 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 52nd
9.3 deaths/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 57th

Total fertility rate

[edit]
2.18 children born/woman (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 90th
2.26 children born/woman (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 91st

Population growth rate

[edit]
0.93% (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 103rd
0.97% (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 114th

Median age

[edit]
Total: 28 years. Country comparison to the world: 142nd
Male: 27.9 years
Female: 28.1 years (2020 est.)
Total: 27.4 years. Country comparison to the world: 144th
Male: 27.2 years
Female: 27.6 years (2018 est.)

Contraceptive prevalence rate

[edit]
54.6% (2016)

Net migration rate

[edit]
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 98th
-0.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 138th

Dependency ratios

[edit]
Total dependency ratio: 52.5 (2015 est.)
Youth dependency ratio: 44.8 (2015 est.)
Elderly dependency ratio: 7.7 (2015 est.)
Potential support ratio: 12.9 (2015 est.)

Urbanization

[edit]
Urban population: 68.3% of total population (2022)
Rate of urbanization: 1.72% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Urban population: 66.4% of total population (2018)
Rate of urbanization: 1.97% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)

Life expectancy at birth

[edit]
Total population: 65.32 years. Country comparison to the world: 202nd
Male: 63.99 years
Female: 66.68 years (2022 est.)
Total population: 64.1 years (2018 est.)

Major infectious diseases

[edit]
Degree of risk: intermediate (2020)
Food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
Water contact diseases: schistosomiasis

note: widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout South Africa; as of 6 June 2022, South Africa has reported a total of 3,968,205 cases of COVID-19 or 6,690.7 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with a total of 101,317 cumulative deaths or a rate of 170.83 cumulative deaths per 100,000 population; as of 6 June 2022, 36.33% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine

Ethnic groups

[edit]
Black African 80.9%, colored 8.8%, white 7.8%, Indian/Asian 2.6% (2021 est.)
note: Colored is a term used in South Africa, including on the national census, for persons of mixed race ancestry who developed a distinct cultural identity over several hundred years

Languages

[edit]
Map showing the dominant languages in South Africa
isiZulu (official) 24.7%, isiXhosa (official) 15.6%, Afrikaans (official) 12.1%, Sepedi (official) 9.8%, Setswana (official) 8.9%, English (official) 8.4%, Sesotho (official) 8%, Xitsonga (official) 4%, siSwati (official) 2.6%, Tshivenda (official) 2.5%, Khoi, Nama, and San languages 1.9% isiNdebele (official) 1.6% (2017 est.)
note: data represent language spoken most often at home

Education expenditures

[edit]
6.8% of GDP (2020) Country comparison to the world: 22nd
6.1% of GDP (2017) Country comparison to the world: 34th

Literacy

[edit]

Definition: age 15 and over can read and write (2015 est.)

Total population: 95%
Male: 95.5%
Female: 94.5% (2019)
Total population: 94.4%
Male: 95.4%
Female: 95.4% (2015 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

[edit]
Total: 14 years
Male: 13 years
Female: 14 years (2019)

Unemployment, youth ages 15-24

[edit]
Total: 59.4%
Male: 55.4%
Female: 64.1% (2020 est.)

Immigration

[edit]
Main article: Immigration to South Africa

South Africa hosts a sizeable refugee and asylum seeker population. According to the World Refugee Survey 2008, published by the U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants, this population numbered approximately 144,700 in 2007.[45] Groups of refugees and asylum seekers numbering over 10,000 included people from Zimbabwe (48,400), the Democratic Republic of the Congo (24,800), and Somalia (12,900).[45] These populations mainly lived in Johannesburg, Pretoria, Durban, Cape Town, and Port Elizabeth.[45] Many refugees have now also started to work and live in rural areas in provinces such as Mpumalanga and KwaZulu-Natal.

Statistics SA assumes in some of their calculations that there are fewer than 2 million immigrants in South Africa.[46] Other institutions, like the police and Médecins Sans Frontières place estimate the figure at 4 million.[47][48][49][50]

Immigration figures

[edit]

Main countries of immigration in South Africa according to the 2011 Census and 2022 Census:

Source: 2022 South African census[51]
Place of birth Population, 2011 Population, 2022 Difference
 Zimbabwe 672,308 1,012,059 339,751 Increase
 Mozambique 393,231 416,564 23,333 Increase
 Lesotho 160,806 227,770 66,964 Increase
 Malawi 86,606 198,807 112,201 Increase
 United Kingdom 81,720 61,282 -20,438 Decrease
 Ethiopia 28,230 58,131 29,901 Increase
 Namibia 40,575 36,140 -4,435 Decrease
 India 31,165 27,350 -3,815 Decrease
 Nigeria 26,341 24,718 -1,623 Decrease
 Zambia 30,054 24,625 -5,429 Decrease
 Congo 26,061 23,328 -2,733 Decrease
 Bangladesh 19,696 20,894 1,198 Increase
 DRC 25,630 17,635 -7,995 Decrease
 Somalia 26,116 15,838 -10,278 Decrease
 Pakistan 17,241 15,006 -2,235 Decrease
 Germany 20,494 12,139 -8,355 Decrease
 Botswana 12,316 8,976 -3,340 Decrease
 Portugal 15,626 7,615 -8,011 Decrease

Immigration assumptions by Statistics South Africa to South Africa based on race. Negative numbers represent net migration from South Africa to other countries.[52]

Immigration to SA by Race
(Negative values indicate net migration from SA elsewhere)
Year African Asian White
1985-2000 632 633 36 908 -202 868
2001-2006 565 916 25 310 -99 574
2006-2011 815 780 43 222 -106 787
2011-2016 972 995 54 697 -111 346
2016-2021 894 365 49 584 -90 956

Urbanization

[edit]
Main article: List of municipalities in South Africa
See also: Metropolitan municipality (South Africa)

"Urban areas contain about two-thirds of the population; many of these consist of huge informal or squatter settlements."[53]

Graphs and maps

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  • Population pyramid by population group, 2011
    Population pyramid by population group, 2011
  • Black population
    Black population
  • White population
    White population
  • Coloured population
    Coloured population
  • Indian population
    Indian population

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Mid-year population estimates, 2024". www.statssa.gov.za. Retrieved 29 September 2024.
  2. ^ a b c d "Census 2022: Statistical Release" (PDF). statssa.gov.za. 10 October 2023. p. 6. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  3. ^ a b c "Statistics South Africa - Census Dissemination". census.statssa.gov.za. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  4. ^ "Census 2021 New Methodologies Test". Statistics South Africa (Stats SA). 20 July 2018. Archived from the original on 4 August 2018.
  5. ^ "Table 3.5, Statistical release (Revised) P0301.4, Census 2011" (PDF). Statssa.gov.za. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 November 2015. Retrieved 25 July 2016.
  6. ^ "Nowhere left to go". The Economist. 20 May 2008. Retrieved 29 August 2017.
  7. ^ "Escape From Mugabe: Zimbabwe's Exodus". Archived from the original on 24 January 2016.
  8. ^ "South Africa - Apartheid, Colonization, Freedom | Britannica". www.britannica.com. 28 October 2024. Retrieved 29 October 2024.
  9. ^ a b Smuts I: The Sanguine Years 1870–1919, W.K. Hancock, Cambridge University Press, 1962, pg 219
  10. ^ The Statesman's Year-Book, 1967–1968 (104th annual edition), edited by S.H. Steinberg, Macmillan, London; St. Martin's Press, New York, 1967, pages 1405–1424
  11. ^ The Europa Year Book 1969, Volume II: Africa, The Americas, Asia, Australasia, Europa Publications, London, 1969, page 1286
  12. ^ Ogura, Mitsuo (1996). "Urbanization and Apartheid in South Africa: Influx Controls and Their Abolition". The Developing Economies. 34 (4): 402–423. doi:10.1111/j.1746-1049.1996.tb01178.x. ISSN 1746-1049. PMID 12292280.
  13. ^ Statistics South Africa (1999). "The People of South Africa: Population Census, 1996" (PDF). Retrieved 19 April 2020.
  14. ^ Statistics South Africa (2003). "Statistics South Africa: Census 2001" (PDF). Retrieved 20 April 2020.
  15. ^ Statistics South Africa (2012). "Census 2011: Census in Brief" (PDF). Retrieved 20 April 2020.
  16. ^ https://census.statssa.gov.za/assets/documents/2022/P03014_Census_2022_Statistical_Release.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  17. ^ Angus Maddison (2010). "Statistics on World Population, GDP and Per Capita GDP, 1-2008 AD". University of Groningen. Archived from the original on 30 January 2021. Retrieved 1 March 2016.
  18. ^ The Statesman's Year-Book 1977–1978 (ed. John Paxton), St. Martin's Press, New York (& Macmillan, London), 1977, page 1296
  19. ^ "City of Cape Town / Isixeko Sasekapa, Stad Kaapstad: Metropolitan Municipality & Main Places – Statistics & Maps on City Population". Citypopulation.de. Archived from the original on 29 August 2017. Retrieved 29 August 2017.
  20. ^ "South Africa: Provinces and Major Urban Areas - Population Statistics in Maps and Charts". Citypopulation.de. Retrieved 29 August 2017.
  21. ^ Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat (2015). "Total Population - Both Sexes (XLS, 3.74 MB) - 2015 revision". United Nations. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 1 March 2016.
  22. ^ "Mid-year population estimates" (PDF). Statistics South Africa. 23 July 2015. Retrieved 1 March 2016.
  23. ^ a b "World Population Prospects - Population Division - United Nations". population.un.org. Archived from the original on 17 June 2020. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  24. ^ "World Population Prospects 2019: Data Booklet" (PDF). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Dynamics. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 February 2020. Retrieved 21 March 2020.
  25. ^ "South Africa Population 2023 (Live)". worldpopulationreview.com. Retrieved 2 April 2023.
  26. ^ http://www.statssa.gov.za/publications/P0302/P03022020.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  27. ^ "The DHS Program - Quality information to plan, monitor and improve population, health, and nutrition programs". Dhsprogram.com. Retrieved 29 August 2017.
  28. ^ "World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations". Archived from the original on 19 September 2016. Retrieved 15 July 2017.
  29. ^ "Life Expectancy at Exact Age x (ex) - Both Sexes (XLSX, 172.2 MB)". docs.google.com. Retrieved 2 April 2023. taken from "World Population Prospects - Population Division - United Nations". population.un.org. Retrieved 2 April 2023.
  30. ^ Lehohla, Pali (5 May 2005). "Debate over race and censuses not peculiar to SA". Business Report. Archived from the original on 14 August 2007. Retrieved 25 August 2013. Others pointed out that the repeal of the Population Registration Act in 1991 removed any legal basis for specifying 'race'. The Identification Act of 1997 makes no mention of race. On the other hand, the Employment Equity Act speaks of 'designated groups' being 'black people, women and people with disabilities'. The Act defines 'black' as referring to 'Africans, coloureds and Indians'. Apartheid and the racial identification which underpinned it explicitly linked race with differential access to resources and power. If the post-apartheid order was committed to remedying this, race would have to be included in surveys and censuses, so that progress in eradicating the consequences of apartheid could be measured and monitored. This was the reasoning that led to a 'self-identifying' question about 'race' or 'population group' in both the 1996 and 2001 population censuses, and in Statistics SA's household survey programme.
  31. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Africa :: SOUTH AFRICA". CIA The World Factbook. 2 November 2022.
  32. ^ Study Commission on U.S. Policy toward Southern Africa (U.S.) (1981). South Africa: time running out : the report of the Study Commission on U.S. Policy Toward Southern Africa. University of California Press. p. 42. ISBN 0-520-04547-5.
  33. ^ Census 2011: Census in brief (PDF). Pretoria: Statistics South Africa. 2012. ISBN 9780621413885.
  34. ^ https://census.statssa.gov.za/assets/documents/2022/P03014_Census_2022_Statistical_Release.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  35. ^ "The NA approves South African Sign Language as the 12th official language" (Press release).
  36. ^ https://census.statssa.gov.za/assets/documents/2022/P03014_Census_2022_Statistical_Release.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  37. ^ "The languages of South Africa". Media Club South Africa. Brand South Africa. December 2011. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 24 November 2017.
  38. ^ a b "Community profiles > Census 2011". Statistics South Africa Superweb. Archived from the original on 30 September 2013. Retrieved 21 August 2013.
  39. ^ "2022 South African Census" (PDF).
  40. ^ a b "In South Africa, many blacks convert to Islam". Christian Science Monitor. 10 January 2002. Retrieved 29 August 2017.
  41. ^ "Muslims say their faith growing fast in Africa". Religionnewsblog.com. 15 November 2004. Retrieved 7 November 2010.
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  44. ^ "The World FactBook - South Africa", The World Factbook, 2022Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  45. ^ a b c "World Refugee Survey 2008". U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants. 19 June 2008. Archived from the original on 5 October 2007.
  46. ^ "P03022009_6". Statssa.gov.za. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 5 January 2014.
  47. ^ "So where are Zimbabweans going?". 8 November 2005. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  48. ^ Slabbert, Antoinette (1 June 2009). "SA het baie meer mense as geraam" [SA population may be much larger than previously thought]. sake24.com. Archived from the original on 15 July 2011. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  49. ^ "South African Department of Home Affairs". Archived from the original on 18 September 2010. Retrieved 6 February 2016.
  50. ^ South African Police Service 2009 Annual Report Archived 25 July 2013 at the Wayback Machine page 9 indicating the number exceeds 3 million
  51. ^ "STATISTICAL RELEASE; Census 2022" (PDF). Retrieved 10 January 2024.
  52. ^ "Mid-year population estimates 2022" (PDF). Statistics South Africa. 28 July 2022. Retrieved 14 November 2022.
  53. ^ "South Africa: Settlement Patterns". Britannica.com. Retrieved 25 October 2017.

Further reading

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Demographics of South Africa.
Wikiquote has quotations related to South Africans.
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